Siegel and shuster biography of martin

American comic book writer (–)

Jerome Siegel (SEE-gəl; October 17, – January 28, )^[4] was an American comic book writer. He is the co-creator of Superman, in collaboration with his friend Joe Shuster, published by DC Comics. They also created Doctor Occult, who was later featured in The Books of Magic. Siegel and Shuster were inducted into the comic book industry's Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in and the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in With Bernard Baily, Siegel also co-created the long-running DC character The Spectre. Siegel created ten of the earliest members of the Legion of Super-Heroes, one of DC's most popular team books, which is set in the 30th Century. Siegel also used pseudonyms including Joe Carter and Jerry Ess.^[1][5]

Biography

Early life

Siegel was born on October 17, , in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Lithuanian Jewish immigrants who arrived in New York in , having fled antisemitism in their native Lithuania, then part of the Russian Empire.^[6][7][8] His father was born Mikhel Iankel Segalovich and his mother was born Sora Meita Khaikels, but they changed their names to Michael and Sarah Siegel after moving to the US. Jerry was the last of six children (Isabel, Leo, Minerva, Roslyn, and Harry). His father was a tailor and owned a clothing store. On June 2, , Michael was assaulted in his store by a shoplifter and suffered a fatal heart attack, while Sarah died of a heart attack on August 17, ^[6]

Siegel's family moved to the Jewish neighborhood of Glenville in He attended Glenville High School in Cleveland, Ohio. At about age 16, while at Glenville, he befriended Joe Shuster. Siegel described his friendship with the similarly shy and bespectacled Shuster: "When Joe and I first met, it was like the right chemicals coming together."^[4] They shared a love of science fiction, adventure fiction, and movies.^{[citation needed]}

Siegel graduated from high school in June ^[9]

Early work for DC Comics (–)

Unable to afford college,^[10] he worked various delivery jobs, all the while courting publishers. In the summer of , still living in Cleveland, he and Shuster began selling comic-book stories to National Allied Publications, the primary precursor of DC Comics, in New York.^[11]

Siegel and Shuster had been developing the Superman story and character since , hoping to sell it as a syndicated newspaper comic-strip. But after years of fruitless soliciting to the syndicates, Siegel and Shuster agreed to publish Superman in a comic book. In March , they sold all rights to Superman to the comic-book publisher Detective Comics, Inc., another forerunner of DC, for $ ($2, when adjusted for inflation).^[12]

Siegel and Shuster later regretted their decision to sell Superman after he became an astonishing success. DC Comics now owned the character and reaped the royalties. Nevertheless, DC Comics retained Siegel and Shuster as the principal writer and artist for the Superman comics, and they were well-paid because they were popular with the readers. For instance, in they together earned $63, (equivalent to $1,, in ).^[13] Siegel bought a house in University Heights and a car.^{[citation needed]}

Siegel was conscripted into the United States Army on June 28, His service number was ^[14] He was trained at Fort George G. Meade, where he was trained as an "Airplane Engine Mechanic, a Film Editor, Motion Picture Cutter, Public Relations Man or Playwright (Motion Picture Writer) or Reporter". He was posted in Honolulu, where he was assigned a writing job at the military newspaper Stars and Stripes. He focused mainly on comedy columns. Siegel was discharged on January 21, , at the rank of Technician 4th Grade.^[15]

Postwar career (–)

During his military service in Hawaii, Siegel learned from his friend Shuster that DC Comics had published a story featuring a child version of Superman called "Superboy", which was based on a story that Siegel had submitted to DC Comics, but which DC Comics had not bought. Because DC Comics never bought the copyright to Superboy from Siegel, Siegel sued DC Comics for the rights. A second claim they had was that DC had cheated them out of royalties from the Superman radio show and the merchandise. Siegel and Shuster simultaneously sued for the rights to Superman as well. At the conclusion of the trial, Siegel and Shuster agreed to relinquish the copyrights of both Superman and Superboy in exchange for a settlement of just over $94, (equivalent to $1,, in ). Siegel's divorce papers suggest he was left with $29, after paying his court fees but prior to settling his divorce.^[16][17]

After the war, Siegel moved to New York.^[18] Between and (i.e., during the span of their contract), Siegel and Shuster had together earned more than $, (roughly equivalent to $7,, in ) while working at DC Comics.^[19][20][13]

After leaving DC Comics in late , Siegel and Shuster created the comedic superhero Funnyman, which proved unsuccessful. This was their last collaboration. Siegel then took freelance writing jobs. Some of them include the newspaper strip Tallulah, Lars of Mars, and G.I. Joe. The publisher Ziff-Davis hired him as a comic-book editor in , but its comics division closed after less than a year in business.^[6] Siegel never found steady work, and fell upon hard times. By , he and his family were living in a one-bedroom apartment in Great Neck, Long Island, and struggling to pay their bills.^[21]

Return to DC and lawsuits (–)

Siegel returned to DC Comics in at the prompting of his second wife.^[6] Although he did write some Superman stories, he no longer had any creative control, but instead answered to the direction of his editor. During this time, he wrote extensively about the team the Legion of Super-Heroes, adding many enduring characters to its cast. Siegel's contributions during this time are difficult to determine because DC Comics did not generally give creator bylines. His last work for DC was the lead story in Adventure Comics # (February ).^[22] DC Comics ceased giving him work in , when the company learned Siegel and Shuster were planning a second lawsuit to reclaim the copyright to Superman.^[21] He lost that lawsuit.^[23]

Siegel again fell into hard financial times after this second dismissal, as he was unable to find regular writing work. For a period of seven years, he worked as a typist in the mailroom for the Los Angeles Public Utilities Commission, later telling an employee newsletter "[w]ith all the troubles and prolonged litigation I have had over, I just wanted to hide out."^[24] In , upon hearing that Warner Bros. was producing a Superman film, Siegel alerted the press to his condition. In response, Warner Bros, agreed to give Siegel and Shuster a lifetime stipend of $20, a year (later increased to $30,) in exchange for not contesting ownership of the copyright to Superman.^[6]

Amalgamated Press

After leaving DC Comics, Siegel wrote The Spider for the British comic Lion, published by Fleetway Publications.^[25] His episodes were published from January to February

Writing career

School years

Siegel wrote for his school's weekly newspaper, The Glenville Torch. One of his known works for that newspaper was Goober the Mighty, a parody of Tarzan. Joseph Shuster provided illustrations for some of Siegel's Goober stories. This was their first known collaboration as writer and artist.^[6]

Siegel also self-published a fanzine called Science Fiction: The Advance Guard of Future Civilization. In the third issue of this fanzine, he published a short story titled "The Reign of the Superman" under the pseudonym "Herbert S. Fine". The story is about a vagrant named Bill Dunn who gains vast psychic powers after taking an experimental drug. Dunn then calls himself "the Superman" and proceeds to use his powers maliciously.^[26]

In , Siegel and Shuster began making amateur comic strips together. They self-published their work in a fanzine titled Popular Comics.

DC Comics

Siegel and Shuster began working for DC Comics (then known as National Allied Publications)^[a] in Siegel's writing career there was interrupted in June when he was conscripted into the Army, though he continued to receive credit for stories written by ghostwriters.^[28] After his discharge, he sued DC Comics for the rights to Superman and Superboy, and was consequently given no more freelance work from the publisher.^[29] In , he returned to DC as a writer, and was dropped again in when he again attempted to take back the copyright to Superman.^[30]

During his first tenure at DC Comics (–), Siegel created the following characters:

• Henri Duval, a French swashbuckler, first appeared in New Fun Comics #6 (October ), lasted only a few issues.
• Doctor Occult, paranormal investigator, ran from New Fun Comics #6 (October ) to #32 (June ).
• Radio Squad, police serial, ran from to in New Fun Comics.
• Slam Bradley, a fist-fighting vigilante, first appeared in Detective Comics #1 (March )
• Spy, serial starring the globe-trotting investigator Bart Regan and his female sidekick Sally Norris, ran from Detective Comics #1 (March ) and ended in issue #83 (January ).
• Superman, a costumed vigilante with superhuman strength, first appeared in Action Comics #1 (cover-dated June ). Co-created with artist Joe Shuster.
• Superboy, a child version of Superman, first appeared in More Fun Comics # (without Siegel's consent).
• The Presence, a fictional representation of the Abrahamic God, first appeared in More Fun Comics #
• The Spectre, a ghostly avenger, first appeared in More Fun Comics #52 (February ).
• Star-Spangled Kid and Stripesy, masked heroes, first appeared in Star Spangled Comics #1 (October ); co-created with artist Hal Sherman.

During his second tenure at DC Comics (–), Siegel created several characters relating to the Legion of Super-Heroes, including members Bouncing Boy, Brainiac 5, Triplicate Girl, Invisible Kid, Matter-Eater Lad, Phantom Girl, and Chameleon Boy; and enemies Cosmic King, Lightning Lord, and Saturn Queen, who are part of the Legion of Super-Villains.

During his second tenure as writer at DC Comics, Siegel did not receive any byline for his stories, which was the normal policy of DC Comics at the time.

Funnyman

Siegel and Shuster conceived Funnyman, a clownish superhero, while they were still working for DC Comics. They anticipated a decline in the popularity of conventional superheroes, and thought a comedy hybrid character would have sustainable appeal. Unlike other characters they created, Siegel and Shuster were determined to retain the copyright to Funnyman. This was unacceptable to DC Comics, so they instead made a deal with Magazine Enterprises, a comic-book publishing company owned by Vin Sullivan. The series Funnyman lasted six issues, and a subsequent newspaper strip also was unsuccessful.^[32] It was the last collaboration of Siegel and Shuster. By this time, Shuster's vision had deteriorated to the point he could not work.^[33]

Marvel Comics

Siegel first worked for Marvel in , under the pseudonym "Joe Carter". With Stan Lee, he co-created the villain Plantman (Strange Tales #). He also scripted the "Human Torch" feature in Strange Tales #– (Sept.–Oct. ), introducing the teenaged Torch's high school girlfriend, Doris Evans; and, under his own name, a backup feature starring the X-Men member Angel, which ran in Marvel Tales and Ka-Zar.^[34] According to then-Marvel editor-in-chief Stan Lee, Siegel "was down on his luck" and in ill health at the time, so he gave him a job at Marvel as a proofreader, during which time Siegel wrote the Angel story.^[35]

Archie Comics

Siegel worked for Archie Comics in , on series including The Fly, The Mighty Crusaders, The Web, and Steel Sterling, all starring characters revived from the s. Archie canceled its superhero line later that year, and Siegel was let go.

Fleetway Publications

Siegel became the main writer on The Spider a British comic booksupervillain/superhero that appeared in anthology book Lion between 26 June and 26 April ^[37] and was reprinted in Vulcan. Siegel took over the writing of the character with his third adventure, and would write the bulk of his adventures. His first work on the character was published in the 8 January issue, the start of the serial "The Spider v Doctor Mysterioso".^[38][39] He also created and wrote Gadgetman and Gimmick-Kid.

Military magazines

When Siegel served in the Army (–), he was posted in Honolulu, Hawaii and wrote for Stars and Stripes, Midpacifican, and Yank, the Army Weekly, all military publications written by soldiers. In Stars and Stripes, he had a small humor column titled "Take a Break wit T/5 Jerry Siegel". In Midpacifican, he wrote the comic strip Super Sam, in which an Army private gains superpowers after receiving a blood transfusion from Superman. This was not authorized by DC Comics.^{[citation needed]}

Miscellaneous

In , Siegel created two superheroes for Charlton Comics: Mr. Muscles and Nature Boy. The series Mr. Muscles ran two issues, and Nature Boy three.^[40]

In , he worked for Western Publishing, for which he wrote (along with Carl Barks) stories in the Junior Woodchucks comic book.

He subsequently worked for the Italian comic Topolino published by Mondadori Editore (the Italian Disney comics licensee) from to ^[41][42] He was listed in the mastheads of the period as a scriptwriter ("soggettista e sceneggiatore").

In the s, he worked with Val Mayerik on the feature "The Starling", which appeared in the comic book Destroyer Duck. A projected series, The Starling, about a woman struggling to raise her half-alien, shapeshifting son after his deadbeat alien father abandoned them, went unfinished due to Siegel's death in ^[6] Also in the s, Siegel wrote for the comics publisher Aardvark-Vanaheim.^[43]

Personal life

Siegel remained somewhat active in science fiction fandom after starting work for DC. He attended Chicon, the 2nd World Science Fiction Convention, and appeared in the convention's masquerade as Clark Kent.^[44]

Siegel married Bella Lifshitz on June 10, She was a Jewish woman from his neighborhood of Glenville. With Bella, he had a son named Michael (January 27, – January 17, ).^[6] The couple divorced in

In November , Siegel married Joanne Carter.^[6] She and Siegel first met in January , when she worked with his colleague Joe Shuster as the model for Lois Lane. They reacquainted at a costume ball in New York on April 1, ^[46] On March 1, , Joanne gave birth to their daughter, Laura.^[6] The couple settled on Long Island, before moving to California in ^[18] Siegel and Joanne remained married until his death in ^[47]

Death

Siegel died on January 28, , of a heart attack.^[48] He had been suffering from cardiac disease for years, and had a bypass operation.^{[citation needed]}

Awards and honors

See also

Notes

References

Works cited

External links